IAUOE JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
ISSN NUMBER: 1786-7711| 1 | Title: EFFECTS OF LEARNING STYLES ON STUDENTS’ ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN BASIC SCIENCE IN RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Author: WAGBARA O. SAMUEL, PhD. Abstract: Abstract Students high academic achievement in Basic Science depends on good techniques and effective method of teaching the subject. As a science subject, good grasp of the content by the students becomes paramount. Hence, the main purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of learning styles on students academic achievement in Basic Science. The study was carried out in Rivers State central educational zone, Nigeria. The zone is made up of 9 local Government Areas. The multi stage sampling techniques was carried out in three stages, namely; zonal level, local government level and school level. Simple random sampling by balloting was used to obtain a sample of 94 (JSS 2) students of two schools that participates in the study. The instruments used for data collection were Basic Learning Styles Inventory (BLSI) and Basic Science Achievement Test (BSAT). The data collected were analyzed by using mean and standard deviation to answer all the research questions while Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to test all the hypothesis at .05 level of significance. The study found out that learning styles had no significant effect on students mean achievement scores in Basic Science, P > .05. The study also found that Gender had no effect on academic achievement of students in Basic Science P > .05. Hence, adequate teaching aids suitable for the different learners should be properly used to enhance better achievement in Basic Science. Also, similar instructional instruments should be used for all the students despite the gender. ... more |
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| 2 | Title: MICROBIAL EVALUATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECT OF BORI ABATTOIR EFFLUENT AND RUN-OFF WATER FROM SITES OF TYRE RAOSTED MEAT, ON ZAAMI STREAM WATER QUALITY Author: ZIGABEL B. B., IHESINACH A. K., GODWIN T. N. & BARIDOR L. P. Abstract: Abstract The effect of Bori Abattoir effluents and run-off water from sites of tyre roasted meat on Zaami stream water quality was evaluation for the microbiological and physicochemical qaulities. A tenfold serial dilution technique was adopted for microbiological analysis of samples, whereas standard Chemistry instruments such as AAS, pH meter and Turbidometer were used for assessment of trace metals, pH and turbidity. Result revealed the presence of Escherichia coli, Shigella, Klebsiella, Proteus, and Salmonella species, as the most encountered faecal coliform microbial pollutants. Result also indicated that acidity of the Zaami stream water were on the increase soon after effluent discharge, but decreased later in the day with pH-values from two random samples given as 3.0 & 6.0 and 3.0 & 7.0 during the mornings and evenings, pH3 being highest acidity, and pH7 being neutral. The presence of enterobacteria such as Escherichia coli became evidence of faecal pollutions of the water, traceable to Bori Abattoir effluent discharges. Result also revealed the presence of trace metals with the evidence of Lead (Pb), Iron (Fe), Chromium (Cr), and Zinc (Zn). Bori abattoir wastewater is discharged directly into the Zaami fresh water stream, without any form of treatment. With the evidence of high bacterial load, which includes faecal coliform pathogens, public health risk values for pH, turbidity and trace metals suggesting serious health hazard, posed by the direct abattoir effluent discharge into the water body, Zaami stream water is unsafe for domestic uses. It is my recommendation that regulatory bodies, public health sector of Government and other relevant agencies should be mobilized to take proactive measures such as orders, rules and guidelines for discharge of abattoir effluent to public environments for human safety. ... more |
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| 3 | Title: BUILDING A CLOUD BASED FRAMEWORK DEFENSE NETWORK: INTERNET OF THINGS APPROACH Author: BASAKY O. BASAKY, PhD. & BAKARE KAREEM Abstract: Abstract The exponential growing rate of insecurity in the African nations is disturbing. The many and series of diverse security apparatus but could stem these insecurity. The reasons are clear. We need an up to date system to solve this menace. A cloud-based frame work for National Defense Security Network would be the only solution. The services of a cloud base system are seamlessly changed in a very high speed, less resources for setting up are expend. Other benefits that amount to very low cost is inexhaustible amount of storage space, scalability, availability, integrity, and confidentiality. ... more |
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| 4 | Title: INDUSTRIAL SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN ENUGU METROPOLIS: AN INVESTIGATION OF CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS Author: AGU JOACHIM AMAZILO & OSUJI SABINA CHIAKA Abstract: Abstract The aim of the study is to investigate the factors of industrial solid waste generation in Enugu metropolis of Nigeria. The study used the survey design type of research using questionnaire to solicit information from members of staff of five categories of industrial establishments in Enugu Metropolis. A total of 300 copies of questionnaire were used as the sample size for the study. The multiple linear regression statistic was used to the hypothesis. The result of the computation gave a regression equation of Y = 0.888 + 0.082x1 – 0.575x2 – 0.0798x3 + 1.001x4, with a table value of 0.784. While the calculated values are 0.082, - 0.515 and + 1.001. The result of the hypothesis shows positive relationship between y (Average volumes of solid waste) and x1 (Average volume of product and x4) Average volume of raw materials input, but a negative relationship between y and x2 (Average number of employees) and x3 (Average price per product). In otherwords average volume of waste generated in Enugu Metropolis is caused mainly by average volume of product produced daily, average raw materials input used while average number of employees and average price per product play little role to determine the quantities of industrial solid waste generated. The study recommended measures to arrest the situation include among others waste recovery and recycling to minimize the quantities of solid wastes disposed to the environment and waste dumps. Key words: Industrial Solid Wastes, Industrial Solid West Generation, Contributory Factors, Enugu Metropolis. ... more |
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| 5 | Title: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PH OF SOME RIPE, UNRIPE FRUITS AND SOIL IN BORI METROPOLIS, RIVERS STATE, NIGERIA Author: GBARAKORO S. L., ADOOH L. S .K. & OBI O. L. Abstract: The pH of some ripe and unripe fruits and soil on which they were grown has been analysed in Bori and its metropolis. Pawpaw (Carica papaya), Pineapple (Ananas cosmosus), Guava (Psiduim guajava), Mango (Mangifera indica), Tomato (Solanum lycoperscium), Orange (Citrus x sinensis), Lemon (Citrus x lemon), Grape (Citrus x paradisi), Lime (Citrus x aurantifolia), Tangerine (Citrus x tangerine) and the soils on which they were grown was evaluated for pH levels. 25ml of fruit juice was extracted from both ripe and unripe fruit. E.I Digital pH meter model -112 was standardized using a buffer solution of pH 7 at 25oC. pH was measured in triplicates for the 20 fruits (10 unripe and 10 ripe). The soil sample was oven dried at 1200 for 2 hours. The soil solution was prepared and filtrate was evaluated for pH. Results showed that all the unripe fruits were acidic between the ranges of 2.30 to 4.00 while all the ripe fruits were also acidity between the ranges of 2.50 to 4.52. Lime had the least mean pH value of 2.30 and 2.50 both in unripe and ripe stages respectively. Mango and Guava had the highest mean pH of 4.00 in their unripe stage while only mango had the highest mean pH value of 4.52 in its ripe stage. The pH values obtained in the soil on which the fruits were grown ranged from 6.81 to 11.60. Station B (Zaakpon) had the least mean pH of 6.81 (Grape soil) while station D (Wiiyaakara) had the highest mean pH of 11.60 (Lime soil). This showed that among the four stations, the soils were slightly acidic - neutral – alkaline and all three pH levels yielded acidic fruits. Direct correlation analysis between soil and unripe fruit showed a negative value of -0.268 while the one between soil and ripe fruit showed a negative value of -0.362. This implies that if pH of soil increases, unripe and ripe fruit pH will decrease and vice versa. This work has therefore established that the pH of fruit can be controlled using the pH of soil. Keywords: pH, soil, ripe and unripe fruits. ... more |
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| 6 | Title: ASSESSMENT OF FACTORS AFFECTING FEMALE PARTICIPATION IN TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMME IN RIVERS STATE Author: PROF. SUOBERE T. PUYATE, AGWI VINCENT I. A & IBE CHINWEDU CYRIL Abstract: Abstract The study assessed factors affecting female participation in technical and vocational education and training programme in Rivers State. The concept of technical and vocational education and training was discussed and review of related literature was done. Descriptive survey research design was adopted in the study. Three research questions and three null hypotheses were generated and formulated to guide the study. A – 3 item questionnaire structured on a 4 point rating scale was used to collect data for the study. The instrument was faced validated by four experts and the reliability coefficient of 0.85 was obtained. The population of the study was 107 regular female students (62 female year II students and 45 female final year students) 2016/2017 session of the tertiary institutions that offer technical education programmes in Rivers State. No sample was done in the study since the population size was considered manageable. Data was analyzed using statistical mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The study revealed among others that parental factors such as cultural sanction on women, poor parental background and family level of education, school factors such as inadequate female technology lecturers, peer group and poor technology families at the school and government factors such as poor provision of instructional facilities, poor funding of technology programmes and poor provision of qualified technical educators are factors that affect female participation in technical and vocational education and training programmes in Rivers States. Based on this findings it was recommended that parents, school management and government at all level should embark on programmes that will encourage female participation in technology education. Keywords: Factors, Female, Participation, Technical and vocational education and training ... more |
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| 7 | Title: SIMULATION MODELING OF THE EFFECT OF CRUDE OIL SPILLAGE ON THE YIELDS OF CASSAVA AND YAM SPECIES WITHIN THE OGONI ENVIRONMENT: BEYOND HARVESTING TIME SCENARIO Author: NAAM JONATHAN, ENU –OBARI N. EKAKA –A, PhD., OSAROEYAA PRINCEWILL, A.O. NWAOBURU, PhD. & CHIMA WOKOMA Abstract: Abstract Within the crop science ideology and the basic theory of agricultural science near and beyond harvesting time scenarios are standard construction that have received elaborate investigations in the absence of simulation modeling which is the language of the present computational era. The effect of crude oil spillage on the yields of cassava and yam species within the Ogoni environment has the potential to create some degree of environmental perturbations. This environmental perturbation can affect the extent of biodiversity gain in which the yam species tend to have a higher quantified magnitude of biodiversity gain than the cassava species. The full novel results that we have obtained which has not been seen elsewhere are presented and discussed quantitatively. ... more |
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| 8 | Title: EVALUATING THE RESULTS IN PHYSICAL AND HEALTH EDUCATION AND ITS CORRELATION IN TERMS OF DATA COLLECTION Author: PROF. U. N. AKANWA & GREEN BADDOM MILLION Abstract: Abstract This paper focuses on evaluating the result in Physical and Health Education and its correlation in terms of Data Collection. It is mainly to examine the following concepts; introduction, statement of problem, purpose of the study, research questions, differences between Physical and Health Education, how to relate evaluating the Results to Physical and Health Education. The result derived from evaluating Physical and Health Education, what is Evaluation, correlation for smoking at ages 20 – 100 years respectively, recommendations and conclusion. ... more |
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| 9 | Title: CLOUD COMPUTING SECURITY AND BIG DATA ANALYTICS Author: BASAKY, FREDERICK DUNIYA, PhD. Abstract: Big Data refers to datasets whose size is beyond the ability of typical database software tools to capture, store, manage and analyze. Big Data is the term for a collection of datasets so large and complex that it becomes difficult to process using on-hand database management tools or traditional data processing applications. Today Big Data draws a lot of attention in the IT world. The rise of the Internet and the digital economy are responsible for the rapid growth in the demand for data storage and analytics. So far, IT department are facing enormous challenges in protecting and analyzing these increased volumes of information. The type of information being created is no more traditional structured data rather it is unstructured data or Big Data that include documents, images, audio, video, and social media contents. Big Data Analytics is a way of extracting value from these huge volumes of information, and it drives new market opportunities and maximizes customer retention. This paper focuses on discussing the various technologies that work together as a Big Data Analytics system that can help predict future volumes, gain insights, take proactive actions, and give way to better strategic decision-making. This paper further adopts the usage and impact of big data analytics to the business value of an enterprise in order to improve its competitive advantage using a data sets such as Hadoop and Map Reduce. Keywords: Cloud Computing, Big Data, Analytics, Hadoop, Map Reduce ... more |
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| 10 | Title: PERMUTATION SYMMETRY GROUPS TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTING SWITCHING CIRCUITS Author: NAAM JONATHAN & OSAROEYAAA PRINCEWILL Abstract: Abstract The symmetry positions of geometric objects are of useful applications in switching circuits. Permutation symmetry groups are used in counting the number of switching circuits. The permutations acting on geometric objects give description of their symmetries. By permutation of geometric objects, we mean the symmetry positions obtained by rotation (or reflections or a combination of both) through some specified angle so that the new positions of the objects make them indistinguishable from the original positions. These symmetry positions correspond to be distinct number of symmetries. For an n-sided object, every rotation corresponds to a permutation of n distinct objects. Since we are living in a three-dimensional world, these symmetry groups play a crucial role in the application of modern algebra to electricity (switching circuits). Keywords: Permutation, Symmetry groups, switching circuits, geometric objects, counting. ... more |
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| 11 | Title: EFFECTS OF PRE-THEORETIC INTUITION QUIZ INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY ON STUDENTS’ ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OGBIA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF BAYELSA STATE Author: TOINPERE MERCY FREDERICK-JONAH, PhD., AGGREY RICHMAN OLOTU & JANET KOKINAM AGIDI Abstract: Abstract The study investigated the effects of pre-theoretic intuition quiz instructional strategy on senior secondary school students’ achievement in mathematics. The moderating effects of gender and age were also examined on the dependent variable. A pretest-posttest, control group, quasi-experimental design was adopted. One hundred and seventy eight (178) SS2 students in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria, were purposively selected for the study. Four schools were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups and the study lasted for eight weeks. Three instruments were used for the study. They were two Instructional Guides and Mathematics Achievement Test (MAT) with a reliability of 0.74 using Kuder-Richardson Formula 21(KR-21). Three research questions were answered and three null hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance. Mean and standard deviation were used to analyze the research questions and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) for the hypotheses. Treatment had significant effect on students’ achievement in mathematics F (1,175) = 3.910; p < 0.05; and partial eta squared = 0.356). A non-significant effect of gender and age was observed. The findings showed that pre-theoretic intuition quiz instructional strategy improved students’ achievement in mathematics more than the modified lecture instructional strategy. It was recommended among others that, teachers should adopt pre-theoretic intuition quiz instructional strategy to improve students’ achievement in mathematics in senior secondary schools. Keywords: Pre-theoretic intuition quiz instructional strategy, Gender, Age. ... more |
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| 12 | Title: ACCESSING THE ADEQUACY OF SKILLS REQUIRED OF ELECTRICAL TECHNOLOGY STUDENTS AMONG RIVERS STATE TECHNICAL COLLEGES IN DOMESTIC WIRING Author: S.W. AMADI, PhD., OBED O.O & ORLU I. Abstract: Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate on the adequacy of skills required of electrical technology students among Rivers state technical colleges in domestic wiring. Three purposes and three research questions guided the study. Two null hypotheses which was tested at 0.05% level of significance were formulated. This study adopted a descriptive research design and was carried out in four technical colleges situated in Rivers State. The total population for the study was 172 respondents. No sampling technique as the population is of manageable size. A questionnaire based on four point scale was used as the data collection instrument. The instrument used for data collection was a structural questionnaire. The instrument was structured on a 4-points scale of Strongly Agreed (SA), Agreed (A), Disagreed (D) and Strongly Disagreed (SD). The questionnaire was validated by three experts from the Department of Industrial Technology Education, Ignatius Ajuru University of Education, Rumuolumini. The study has a reliability index of 0.942 using Cronbach Alpha reliability method. Results were analyzed using the following: item with a mean value within the real limit of numbers 0-1.49 was regarded as strongly disagreed, 1.50-2.49 was regarded as disagreed, 2.50-3.49 was regarded as agreed and 3.50-4.00 was regarded as strongly agreed. T-test was used to test the Null Hypothesis of no significant difference at a 0.05 level of Significance. Any item whose P-Value is greater than 0.05 was accepted while any Item whose P-value is less than 0.05 was rejected. The findings of the study revealed that Ability to identify common types of protective devices, Ability to explain the principles and application of circuit breakers and fuses in electrical installation, Ability to determine current rating of Fuses are the Skills Required of Electrical Technology Students Among Rivers State Technical Colleges In Domestic Wiring. The study recommended amongst others that (1) Electrical courses required the services of a well trained and qualified Electrical teacher to utilize and handle the complex and sophisticated tools and equipment to teach the theoretical and practical aspect of the subject. (2) Collaboration between private sectors and the technical colleges can enhance the theoretical and practical skills required by the electrical students. (3) The technical college curriculum should emphasize more on practical skills as this can enable electrical students to possess the skills required by the industries. Keywords: Skills, Electrical Technology, Domestic Wiring and Technical Colleges. ... more |
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| 13 | Title: PRACTICES AGAINST MOSQUITO-BORNE DISEASE TRANSMISSION IN PORT HARCOURT METROPOLIS Author: SAMUEL G.K., PhD. & GEORGE FUNKEBI F. Abstract: Abstract This study investigated practices against mosquito-borne disease transmission in Port Harcourt metropolis. Four research questions and three hypotheses guided the study. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. 300 hundred residents participated in the study. The instrument for data collection was the questionnaire, designed by the researcher titled; practices against mosquito-borne diseases. The instrument was validated by three professionals in environmental, public health and statistics in the ministry of health. The reliability of the instrument was determined using the Cronbach Alpha which gave a reliability coefficient of 0.78. The findings of the study revealed that practices against mosquito-borne disease were favourable. And control of mosquito-borne diseases was perceived to be a collective responsibility of government and home owners. There was a significant relationship between educational level and practices towards mosquito-borne diseases transmission while there was no significant relationship between gender, age and practices against mosquito-borne disease transmission among residence in Port Harcourt Metropolis. It was recommended among others that the mass media should be used by health educators as a means of disseminating functional information on practices regarding mosquito-borne diseases transmission. Keywords: Practices, Mosquito-Borne Diseases, Port Harcourt Metropolis. ... more |
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| 14 | Title: VIDEO-BASED THINK-PAIR-SHARE INSTRUCTIONAL STRATEGY AND SECONDARY SCHOOL CHEMISTRY STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE ON PERIODIC TABLE IN RIVERS STATE Author: A.A. AROKOYU, PhD. & NWAFOR CHIMUANYA LEONARD Abstract: Abstract The study investigated video-based think-pair-share instructional strategy on secondary Chemistry school students’ performance on periodic table in PHALGA. Influence of gender on Chemistry students’ performance was considered. Two objectives, two research questions cum hypotheses were tested. Quasi-experimental was employed in this study. One hundred and three (103) Chemistry students from two mixed secondary schools randomly selected participated in the study. Video-based instructional package on periodic table as a concept in Chemistry was used as the treatment while Periodic Table Performance Test (PTPT) was utilized to gather data. Mean and Standard deviation helped in answering the research question. ANCOVA tested the hypotheses. The findings of the study revealed that significant difference existed between the academic performance of students in experimental and control groups. In addition, gender had no influence on Chemistry students’ performance in think-pair-share group. It was recommended that Chemistry Teachers at the secondary school level should expose Chemistry students to video-based think-pair-share instructional strategy in this 21st century to encourage digital literacy and team work in the classroom towards improving academic performance in Chemistry. Keywords: Video-based Think-Pair-Share, Instructional Strategy, Periodic Table, Digital Tools. ... more |
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| 15 | Title: EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL STUDY OF GaAs SINGLE CRYSTAL GROWTH IN THREE – DIMENSIONAL PSSM; BY HORIZONTAL BRJDGMAN METHODS Author: OGBONDA CLEMENT & WAGBARA EVERREST WENENDA Abstract: Abstract Experimental and Numerical study in distribution of impurities in GaAs single crystal growth has been carried out by horizontal Bridginan method. In addition, transport phenomena namely; momentum, heat and concentration gradient were performed. Simulation results show that ,in 3 - dimensional Pseudo Steady State Model (PSSMJ), the interface is less curved, hence the flow intensity is weaker, temperature in the center area of the growth cell continues to decrease during the process of crystal growth. These results are in good agreement with our experimental data, which demonstrates that the finite element model can successfully predict the temperature field variations in the growth cell. Keywords: Horizontal Rridgman, Single crystal Growth, Psuedo Steady State, Finite Element Method, Newton-Raphson method. ... more |
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| 16 | Title: TOTAL PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON IN THE TIDAL SEDIMENTS ALONG THE BODO COASTLINE, GOKANA, BY RIVERS STATE Author: OKU HYGINUS BARIZIGA, PhD., BEKEE FREDRICK B. & EMMANUEL MARK Abstract: Abstracts This study assessed the extent of total petroleum hydrocarbon in the tidal sediment of Bodo coastline area in Gokana, Rivers state. The study revealed that there are 6km length of coastline in Bodo city. A sample frame of 30 was developed for the study by dividing the 6km coastline at 200 metres interval. The researchers take a purposive sample size of 5 which were randomly selected with the aid of table of random numbers. The study made use of a true experimental design. After laboratory analysis of samples the data were analysed with the use of one sample chi square test a 95% probability level and the hypothesis was also tested .The result of the study revealed that there are significant level of TPH in the tidal sediment of Bodo coastline in Gokana local Government area in Rivers state .The study conclude by recommending that there should be thorough cleanup. Keywords: TPH, Coastline, Bodo-City, hydrocarbon, clean-up. ... more |
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| 17 | Title: PARAMETRIC STUDY ON REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM USING ANSYS Author: MALIPATIL KIRAN M. Abstract: Abstract Concrete structural components such as beams, columns, walls exist in various buildings and bridges. Understanding the response of these components of structures during loading is crucial for the development of an efficient and safe structure. Recently Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is also used to analyze these structural components. In this paper, four point bending analysis is carried out using reinforced concrete beam. The results of the beam with respect to mesh density, varying depths, use of steel cushions for support and loading points, effect of shear reinforcement on flexure behaviour, impact of tension reinforcement on behaviour of the beam are analyzed and discussed. Finite element software ANSYS 13.0 is used for modeling and analysis by conducting nonlinear static analysis. Keywords: Material nonlinearity, Finite element analysis, Convergence, Steel cushion, Varying depths, ANSYS. ... more |
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| 18 | Title: PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF ARTESANAL REFINERY IMPACT ON AIR QUALITY IN PORT HARCOURT, NIGERIA Author: HYGINUS B. OKU & NUMOIPRE INAINFE Abstract: Abstract The paper public perception of artesanal refinery impact on air quality in Port Harcourt has the objective of eliciting vital information on the public perception of observed black soot on air quality index in the municipality. Hence structured questionnaire was administered to the respondents. Over 90% of the respondents are of the view that the high prevalence of black soot in the Port Harcourt municipal area was the product of artesanal refineries located offshore and this has impact on air quality and health of residents. The authors thus include that air quality index could be enhanced through the total stoppage of the economic sabotage occasioned by artesanal refining of crude petroleum. Hence recommend the active involvement of enforcement agencies to tame this ugly development. Similarly, advocate the reorganization of all stakeholders with the intent of implementing modular refineries to tame as well as to ensure that the raw material for this illicit business is not available. Keywords: black soot crude oil, artesanal, refineries. ... more |
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| 19 | Title: FEM SIMULATIONS OF TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION OF GAAS SINGLE CRYSTAL USING THE CZOCHRALSKI (CZ) GROWTH TECHNIQUE Author: OGBONDA, CLEMENT & WAGBARA, EVERREST WENENDA Abstract: Abstract A theoretical model is presented which enables temperature distribution during Czochralski growth of Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) single crystal to be studied. It was observed that thermal stresses are induced by temperature variations in gallium arsenide (GaAs) crystal growth. The thermal stresses causes plastic deformations by cracks, dislocation, defect and dynamic interaction in the crystal. As the temperature increases, the pull rate increases , the radius of the crystal increases, the temperature distribution is more, also the most effective way to reduce solid-liquid interfacial temperature gradients is to increase the diameter of the crystal; this implies that it may be easier to grow large crystals with low temperature distribution and thermal stresses than small crystals.The temperature distribution in the Czochralski technique (CZ) growth of GaAs crystal obtained is in agreement with Jordan model. Key words; Temperature distribution, Czchralski growth, single crystal, Gallium arsenide, pull rate, time. ... more |
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| 20 | Title: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION, SPATIAL POVERTY AND RESOURCE ALIENATION IN OGONI LAND: IMPLICATIONS FOR SUSTAINABLE LIVELIHOOD DEVELOPMENT Author: PORONAKIE, NWIEKPUGI BRIGHT (Ph.D) & MAEKAE, JOB (Ph.D) Abstract: Environmental issues have intensified great concerns in recent times, especially as it affects human welfare and social justice. Several earth summits e.g. 1972 Stockholm in Sweden, 1992 Rio-de-Janeiro in Brazil and 2002 south Africa amongst others were held intermittently due to increasing environmental awareness and concerns for environmental degradation, coupled with the upsurge of environmental activism in most polluted hotbeds of the globe and the urgent need to enhance environmental quality for livelihood sustainability in the Niger Delta Region, particularly Ogoniland. Environmental devastations through decades of unethical oil and gas extraction have attained genocidal proportions such that human life is near extinction. Ogoniland exhibits a high degree of resource alienation due to its strategic economic location and enormous advantages of natural endowments that sustained Nigerian economy. The acquisition of valuable large expanse of land for both government and multinational companies projects for instance, refineries, petrochemical plant, fertilizer companies, Onne Sea Port Complex, etc. have not only impacted the environment negatively but also ensured constant loss of the people’s means of living, decline in bio-diversity and agricultural output, intensified inefficient and inequitable use of natural resources, engendered soil instability and conflicts leading to rural-urban migration. The prevailing conditions were appraised through literature and observational techniques upon which policy recommendations were made. Environmental and economic rehabilitation and restoration were emphasized to include immediate and effective environmental clean-up exercise, adequate provision of basic amenities, adoption of the policies of decentralization and public participation policy in all development programmes, skill acquisition schemes for the youths, ensure good governance through electronic voting that advocates free and fair elections and improved capacity-building strategy for adequate security of life and property in Nigeria. Keywords: Environment, Environmental Degradation, Pervasive Poverty, Resource Alienation and Ogoniland.... more |